Course Outline for Biological Sciences 42
General Human Anatomy

Effective: Fall 2022
SLO Rev: 10/04/2021

Catalog Description:

BIOS 42 - General Human Anatomy

5.00 Units

Examine the correlations between the structures and functions of the human body in both health and diseased states. Explore tissue and organ structure through both gross and microscopic examinations as well as organ and cadaver dissection. May not receive credit if ANAT 1 has been completed successfully.
Prerequisite: BIOS 41 or BIOL 31 or BIOS 21C Strongly Recommended: ENGL 1.
CB03: TOP Code 0401.00 - Biology, General
Course Grading: Letter Grade Only
Type Units Inside of Class Hours Outside of Class Hours Total Student Learning Hours
Lecture 3.00 54.00 108.00 162.00
Laboratory 2.00 108.00 0.00 108.00
Total 5.00 162.00 108.00 270.00

Measurable Objectives:

Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to:
  1. speak and write using anatomical terminology;
  2. identify and describe structure, function, and location of all tissue types;
  3. list levels of organization with emphasis on the structure of cells through interacting organ systems and explain how higher levels depend on lower levels for each system;
  4. identify and describe:
    -gross anatomy and location of organs,
    -histology of organs,
    -systemic functions,
    -functions of component organs and how each contributes to the systemic function;
  5. explain how the systemic functions interact with each other within the human organism;
  6. describe the events of embryonic and fetal development and the anatomy of extra-embryonic membranes;
  7. maintain a safe laboratory environment;
  8. demonstrate proper use of microscopes and dissection techniques.

Course Content:


Course Content (Lecture):
  1. Basic concepts of anatomy
    1. levels of anatomical organization
    2. anatomical terminology
    3. systems overview
  2. Epithelial Tissue
    1. characteristics and locations
    2. structural types and their function
    3. glands
    4. membranes
  3. Connective Tissue
    1. characteristics and locations
    2. cells and ground substance
    3. structural types and their functions
  4. The Integumentary System
    1. cell layers in thin & thick skin
    2. derivatives of skin
    3. functions of the integument
    4. pathological conditions
  5. Bone Tissue
    1. functions of skeletal system
    2. cells and ground substance
    3. tissue arrangements – spongy versus compact
    4. long bone structure
    5. bone remodeling
    6. bone shapes
    7. pathological conditions
  6. The Axial Skeleton
    1. axial versus appendicular skeleton
    2. bones of the skull
    3. the vertebral column
    4. the thoracic cage
  7. The Appendicular Skeleton
    1. bones of the shoulder girdle
    2. bones of the upper limb
    3. bones of the pelvic girdle
    4. bones of the lower limb
  8. Articulations
    1. functional and structural classification of joints
    2. types of fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints
    3. supporting structures of synovial joints – stability versus mobility
    4. pathological conditions
  9. Muscle Tissue
    1. comparison of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle characteristics
    2. skeletal muscle proteins, organelles, fascia
    3. muscle groups and fasciae
    4. muscle and tendon structure
    5. motor units
    6. fascicle arrangements
  10. Muscular System – Axial Muscles
    1. muscle naming terminology
    2. origin, insertion, and action of select muscles of the back, chest, abdomen, head, neck, and jaw
  11. Muscular System – Appendicular Muscles
    1. group actions
    2. origin, insertion, and action of muscles of the lower limb
  12. Muscular System – Appendicular Muscles
    1. origin, insertion, and action of muscles of the upper limb
  13. Nervous System
    1. function and organization of the nervous system
    2. neuron classes and structure
    3. neuroglial cell classes and functions
    4. nerve structure
    5. grey and white matter of the CNS and PNS
  14. Spinal Cord
    1. gross anatomy
    2. protection
    3. internal anatomy – grey and white matter
    4. roots
  15. The Brain
    1. protection
    2. grey and white matter of the cerebrum
    3. the diencephalon
    4. the mesencephalon
    5. the metencephalon
    6. the myelencephalon
  16. The PNS – Spinal and Cranial Nerves
    1. roots, nerves, rami, ganglia, and plexuses of the spinal cord
    2. names, numbers, and function of the cranial nerves
  17. Special Sense Organs
    1. special senses
    2. the eye – visual pathway
    3. the ear – auditory pathway and equilibrium
  18. General Sensation and the ANS 
    1. general sensory receptors
    2. sympathetic division
    3. parasympathetic division
    4. CNS control of ANS    
  19. Endocrine System
    1. functions
    2. location of major glands
    3. structure of the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and the pancreatic islets
    4. function of select hormones
    5. endocrine disorders
  20. Cardiovascular System – the Heart
    1. functions and location
    2. structure of chambers and valves
    3. pulmonary and systemic circuits
    4. nervous and endocrine control
    5. pathological conditions
  21. Cardiovascular System – Blood Vessels & Blood
    1. structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries
    2. composition of blood – cell types and plasma
    3. functions of blood
    4. pathological conditions
  22. Lymphatic System
    1. functions
    2. lymphatic organ structure
    3. lymphatic flow pathway
    4. pathological conditions
  23. Respiratory System
    1. functions
    2. gross anatomy of respiratory organs
    3. histology of respiratory organs
    4. pleura
    5. respiratory muscles and the thoracic cage
    6. pathology
  24. Digestive System
    1. digestion and absorption
    2. histology, gross anatomy, and functions or organs of alimentary canal
    3. histology, gross anatomy, and functions of accessory organs
    4. pathology
  25. Urinary System
    1. gross anatomy, histology, and functions of urinary organs
    2. histology of the nephron
    3. pathology
  26. Reproductive Systems
    1. egg and sperm development
    2. histology, gross anatomy, and functions of male reproductive organs
    3. histology, gross anatomy, and functions of female reproductive organs
    4. pathology
  27. Developmental Anatomy
    1. development of zygote
    2. embryonic and fetal development
    3. anatomy of extraembryonic membranes, umbilical cord, placenta

   
Course Content (Laboratory):

  1. Laboratory safety
    1. sharps safety
    2. biohazards in the lab
    3. proper attire
    4. personal protective equipment
    5. safe behaviors
    6. safety equipment
  2. Anatomical terminology
  3. Microscopy, cytology, and dissection techniques
  4. Histology of epithelial tissues
  5. Histology of connective tissues
  6. Integumentary system
  7. Microscopic and macroscopic structure of bone
  8. Axial skeleton
  9. Appendicular skeleton
  10. Articulations
  11. Muscle tissues
  12. Muscle structure
  13. Muscles axial skeleton
  14. Muscles of appendicular skeleton
  15. Nervous tissue
  16. Spinal cord 
  17. Brain 
  18. Spinal and cranial nerves
  19. Sensation; eye and ear
  20. Autonomic nervous system
  21. Endocrine system
  22. Blood 
  23. Heart
  24. Blood vessels
  25. Lymphatic system
  26. Respiratory system
  27. Digestive system
  28. Urinary system
  29. Male reproductive system
  30. Female reproductive system
  31. Development

Methods of Instruction:

  1. Lecture/Discussion
  2. Laboratory exercises
  3. Distance Education
  4. Multimedia presentations
  5. Student projects and presentations

Assignments and Methods of Evaluating Student Progress:

1. Typical Assignments
  1. End of Exercise Review/Exam: List the structures of the eye that light passes through from where it enters the eye to where the signal is transmitted to the brain. Describe the function of each structure in the process of vision. (identify gross and histological anatomy of organs of the visual system; describe their basic functions; write using anatomical terminology)
  2. Laboratory Exercise: sketch slides of five types of epithelial tissue, calculate the cell size of each, label their characteristic structural features. (identify and describe the structure of tissue types)
  3. Laboratory Practical: write the names of the skeletal muscles of the upper limb indicated on the arm models and on the cadavers. (identify gross anatomy and locations of organs of muscular system; write using anatomical terminology)
  4. End of Exercise Review/Exam: Describe the contribution that each organ of the digestive system makes in obtaining nutrients. (describe how each organ contributes to the system function; describe the basic functions of organs; write using anatomical terminology)
2. Methods of Evaluating Student Progress
  1. Quizzes
  2. Midterm Examination
  3. Final Examination
  4. Practical Examinations - fill-in the blank (minimum of 3)
  5. End of Chapter Reviews - multiple choice, matching, naming, short answer/essay questions. (minimum of 7)
  6. Laboratory Reports (minimum of 7)
3. Student Learning Outcomes
Upon the completion of this course, the student should be able to:
  1. apply biological principles to healthful vs. pathological conditions;
  2. express their understanding of major anatomical concepts by verbal, written, and illustrative means using correct terminology;
  3. identify observed microscopic and macroscopic structures;
  4. demonstrate competency with standard equipment and techniques of the biological sciences.

Textbooks (Typical):

  1. McKinley et al (2020). Human Anatomy (6th). McGraw Hill.
  2. Chabot College Staff (2021). Laboratory Manual for Anatomy 1 Chabot College Reprographics .
Additional Materials:
  • Colored pencils
  • Goggles
  • Laboratory coat
  • Exam gloves
  • Mask

Abbreviated Class Schedule Description:

Develop an understanding of the structure and function of the human body in both health and disease. Investigate organ structure by dissecting organs and cadavers, viewing models, and examining slides. May not receive credit if ANAT 1 has been completed successfully.
Prerequisite: BIOS 41 or BIOL 31 or BIOS 21C Strongly Recommended: ENGL 1.

Discipline:
Biological Sciences*